{"id":7005,"date":"2025-10-16T12:04:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T10:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/?page_id=7005"},"modified":"2025-10-21T14:48:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T12:48:47","slug":"exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/","title":{"rendered":"Exposition\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Correspondance d&rsquo;Estournelles de Constant &#8211; Page d&rsquo;accueil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:60px\">Correspondance de<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Paul d&rsquo;Estournelles de Constant<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7006\" style=\"width:auto;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png 650w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Des lettres pour d\u00e9fendre une certaine id\u00e9e de la Paix (1914-1924)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Correspondance active de Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant (Prix Nobel de la paix 1909) adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Nicholas Murray Butler (Prix Nobel de la paix 1931) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e87845a50a54aef41c52dcdc111044cc\" style=\"color:#a52514;font-size:22px\">Cette correspondance est accessible sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/discholed.huma-num.fr\/exist\/apps\/discholed\/index.html?collection=pec\">Digital Scholarly Editions<\/a>.<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contributeurs : <\/strong><br>De nombreuses personnes ont contribu\u00e9 au projet, afin de permettre un acc\u00e8s public \u00e0 ces documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Pour cette mise en ligne de la correspondance d\u2019Estournelles \/ Murray Butler, ont contribu\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transcription \u00e9crite et num\u00e9rique<\/strong>&nbsp;: Nadine Akhund, Alix Chagu\u00e9, Floriane Chiffoleau, St\u00e9phane Tison<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Encodage<\/strong>&nbsp;: Floriane Chiffoleau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supervision \u00e9ditoriale et technique<\/strong>&nbsp;: Anne Baillot et Laurent Romary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Institutions Partenaires<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left textejustifier wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>Le Mans Universit\u00e9<\/strong> : Engag\u00e9e dans la promotion des sciences ouvertes et du d\u00e9veloppement des m\u00e9thodologies num\u00e9riques pour la litt\u00e9rature, les langues et les sciences humaines, tant dans l\u2019enseignement que la recherche, l\u2019universit\u00e9 du Mans participe au projet DAHN (<strong>D<\/strong>ispositif de soutien \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>A<\/strong>rchivistique et aux <strong>H<\/strong>umanit\u00e9s <strong>N<\/strong>um\u00e9riques). Dans le cadre de ce projet, Le Mans Universit\u00e9 propose \u00e0 la fois des connaissances num\u00e9riques sur les publications scientifiques des \u00e9go-documents (interface \u00e9ditoriale, donn\u00e9es mod\u00e8les, expertise du laboratoire 3L.AM) et une expertise historique sur le traitement des sources \u00e9pistolaires (laboratoire TEMOS). L\u2019universit\u00e9 contribue localement \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de la Charte de R\u00e9utilisation des Donn\u00e9es du Patrimoine et \u00e0 sa valorisation internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"textejustifier wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019INRIA (Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique)<\/strong> : L\u2019INRIA d\u00e9veloppe \u00e0 la fois des technologies d\u2019extraction d\u2019information, notamment pour les textes, et une politique de gestion des donn\u00e9es ouvertes, positionnant d\u2019\u00e9quipe ALMAnaCH au centre du travail innovant en Humanit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques. Dans le cadre du projet DHAN, Inria-Paris coordonne les \u00e9quipes concern\u00e9es et d\u00e9veloppe des m\u00e9thodologies adapt\u00e9es aux sources textuelles historiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"textejustifier wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Archives d\u00e9partementales de la Sarthe<\/strong> : L\u2019ensemble de la correspondance issue du Fonds 12 J a \u00e9t\u00e9 num\u00e9ris\u00e9 par le service des Archives d\u00e9partementales de la Sarthe, permettant ainsi l\u2019encodage et la mise en ligne de cet \u00e9change \u00e9pistolaire entre Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant et Nicholas Murray Butler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"textejustifier wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Columbia University Libraries<\/strong><\/strong> : Les lettres 10 \u00e0 100 de Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant proviennent de la biblioth\u00e8que de Columbia University. Nous tenons \u00e0 remercier Jennifer S. Commins, archiviste du Fonds Carnegie pour son aide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-1024x276.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-110\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-1024x276.png 1024w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-300x81.png 300w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-768x207.png 768w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-1536x415.png 1536w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2560px-Logo_Universite_du_Maine.svg_-2048x553.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"227\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/inr_logo_rouge.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7013\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/inr_logo_rouge.png 645w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/inr_logo_rouge-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-1024x177.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7014\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-1024x177.png 1024w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-768x132.png 768w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-1536x265.png 1536w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/archives_dep_sarthe-2048x353.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group textejustifier is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:35px\"><strong><strong>Des lettres pour d\u00e9fendre une certaine id\u00e9e de la Paix (1914-1924)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LE CORPUS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La correspondance entre ces deux responsables politiques, Prix Nobel de la Paix (1909 pour Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant et 1931 pour Nicholas Murray Butler) d\u00e9bute en 1902. Elle prend une tournure plus importante au d\u00e9but de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale&nbsp;: en effet, le s\u00e9nateur sarthois recentre son r\u00e9seau de relations vers les Etats-Unis, esp\u00e9rant leur entr\u00e9e en guerre pour mettre fin rapidement au conflit et imposer de nouvelles r\u00e8gles dans le droit international. A partir d\u2019ao\u00fbt 1914 (lettre n\u00b01), Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant fait de cette correspondance un r\u00e9cit tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis des \u00e9v\u00e9nements li\u00e9s au conflit, certaines lettres constituant de v\u00e9ritables rapports qu\u2019il utilise pour son travail parlementaire. Certaines sont diffus\u00e9es vers les \u00e9lites am\u00e9ricaines, voire vers l\u2019opinion publique am\u00e9ricaine, via <em>The New York Times<\/em>, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son interlocuteur, Nicholas Murray Butler. Ainsi, pendant dix ann\u00e9es, jusqu\u2019en mars 1924, \u00e0 quelques semaines du d\u00e9c\u00e8s de Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant, sont analys\u00e9s les faits militaires, politiques, sociaux et culturels du temps du conflit et de la sortie de guerre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>CONSERVATION<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette correspondance est conserv\u00e9e aux Archives d\u00e9partementales de la Sarthe dans la s\u00e9rie 12 J intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Fonds d\u2019Estournelles de Constant\u00a0\u00bb, dans les boites 381 \u00e0 392 sous le nom \u00ab\u00a0La guerre 1914.1918. Collection de mes lettres num\u00e9rot\u00e9es au pr\u00e9sident Butler (1914-1924\u00a0\u00bb. Ces lettres sont conserv\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on dispers\u00e9e dans les fonds de la Dotation Carnegie pour la paix internationale (<em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Records<\/em>), pr\u00e9sents dans les collections de la biblioth\u00e8que de <em>Columbia University<\/em> (<em>Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library at Columbia University<\/em> <em>libraries<\/em>). Les lettres num\u00e9rot\u00e9es 10 \u00e0 100, absentes dans les fonds sarthois, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es dans cette institution, \u00e0 New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"885\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Correspondance-dEstournelles.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7009\" style=\"width:auto;height:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Correspondance-dEstournelles.jpg 645w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Correspondance-dEstournelles-219x300.jpg 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"797\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-1024x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-768x598.jpg 768w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-1536x1196.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4_-Enveloppe-courrier-2048x1595.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LES AUTEURS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:750px\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paul Balluet, baron d\u2019Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque, est n\u00e9 le 22 novembre 1852 \u00e0 La Fl\u00e8che (Sarthe) et est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 15 mai 1924. D\u2019abord diplomate, il a exerc\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 1874, pendant vingt ans, \u00e0 Tunis, Londres et La Haye et atteint le rang de ministre pl\u00e9nipotentiaire de 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> classe. En 1895, il est \u00e9lu \u00e0 la Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s et devient s\u00e9nateur en 1904, mandat pour lequel il est r\u00e9\u00e9lu sans discontinuit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019en 1924. D\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 de la France aupr\u00e8s de L\u00e9on Bourgeois lors des conf\u00e9rences de La Haye de 1899 et 1907, il n\u2019a cess\u00e9 d\u2019\u0153uvrer pour la paix et la conciliation entre les Etats, notamment avec le Royaume-Uni et l\u2019Allemagne, avec succ\u00e8s pour le premier, mais sans r\u00e9sultat pour le second. Il fut l\u2019un des rares \u00e9lus \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre un rapprochement franco-allemand afin d\u2019\u00e9viter une guerre europ\u00e9enne dont il per\u00e7oit le risque d\u00e8s 1900. Il re\u00e7ut en 1909 le Prix Nobel de la paix, en reconnaissance de son action men\u00e9e pour la cr\u00e9ation de la Cour Permanente d\u2019Arbitrage de La Haye et ses initiatives visant \u00e0 faire dialoguer la France et l\u2019Allemagne. Il d\u00e9fendit \u00e9galement le projet d\u2019avancer vers la fondation des Etats-Unis d\u2019Europe, face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence \u00e9conomique de nouvelles puissances tels les Etats-Unis, le Japon, les Etats d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et de la Chine dont il per\u00e7oit le potentiel \u00e0 venir au cours du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png 650w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fondateur en 1905 de l\u2019Association pour la Conciliation Internationale, il d\u00e9veloppe des sections au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Etats-Unis, au Japon. Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant a \u00e9galement initi\u00e9 l\u2019extension de la Fondation Carnegie pour la Paix internationale (<em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>) en France et en Europe en devenant en 1911 le pr\u00e9sident du bureau europ\u00e9en. Gr\u00e2ce aux relations qu\u2019il se cr\u00e9e depuis son premier voyage aux Etats-Unis en 1902, notamment avec Nicholas Murray Butler, il \u0153uvre d\u00e8s 1914 pour favoriser l\u2019engagement des Etats-Unis dans la guerre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nicholas Murray Butler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicolas Murray Butler est n\u00e9 le 2 avril 1862 \u00e0 Elizabeth (New Jersey) et meurt le 7 d\u00e9cembre 1947 \u00e0 New York. Diplomate et homme politique, il fut aussi un universitaire de premier plan. Il fonda en 1891 une revue intitul\u00e9e <em>Educational Review<\/em> qui demeure aujourd\u2019hui une revue de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en mati\u00e8re d\u2019analyse scientifique des pratiques d\u2019\u00e9ducation et d\u2019enseignement. Pr\u00e9sident de Columbia University pendant plus de quarante ans, de 1902 \u00e0 1945, il fit de cette institution une universit\u00e9 majeure \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:325px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2_Murray-Butler_portrait.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7007\" style=\"width:auto;height:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2_Murray-Butler_portrait.jpg 557w, https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2_Murray-Butler_portrait-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Membre du parti r\u00e9publicain, il fut candidat aux \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles de 1912, potentiel vice-pr\u00e9sident, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du pr\u00e9sident sortant William Taft, qui ne fut pas \u00e9lu. Il soutint la candidature de son ami Elihu Root, Prix Nobel de la paix 1912, et se pr\u00e9sente de nouveau aux primaires de son parti en 1920 et en 1928, sans succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme d\u2019Estournelles de Constant, il a consacr\u00e9 sa vie \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense de la paix. Pr\u00e9sident de la branche am\u00e9ricaine de la Conciliation internationale fond\u00e9e par le s\u00e9nateur sarthois, il fut l\u2019un des principaux administrateurs de la Dotation Carnegie pour la Paix Internationale, d\u00e8s sa cr\u00e9ation. Responsable de la division \u00ab&nbsp;Relations internationales et Education&nbsp;\u00bb de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 philanthropique, il dirige la Dotation de 1925 \u00e0 1945. Il re\u00e7ut le Prix Nobel de la paix en 1931, pour son action men\u00e9e pendant plusieurs d\u00e9cennies en faveur de la paix au sein de la Dotation Carnegie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover textejustifier has-small-font-size\" style=\"min-height:120px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#a52514\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-5-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0862a3d2f8259f4441b3dba5090a7fb5\"><strong>Pour en savoir plus sur cette correspondance&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-5-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-df391c0a45a3cf65bf76220963863d4f wp-block-paragraph\">AKHUND Nadine, TISON St\u00e9phane, <em>En guerre pour la paix. Correspondance Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant et Nicholas Murray Butler (1914-1919)<\/em>, Paris, Le Condotti\u00e8re, 2024. [1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> \u00e9d.&nbsp;: Alma, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-5-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9c795c851d9d81fcec14e0a809dba05 wp-block-paragraph\">Cet ouvrage a re\u00e7u le label de la Mission du Centenaire 1914-1918 et le label de <em>The United States World War Centennial Commission<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Correspondance de Paul d&rsquo;Estournelles de Constant Des lettres pour d\u00e9fendre une certaine id\u00e9e de la Paix (1914-1924) Correspondance active de Paul d\u2019Estournelles de Constant (Prix Nobel de la paix 1909) adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Nicholas Murray Butler (Prix Nobel de la paix 1931) Cette correspondance est accessible sur le site Digital Scholarly Editions. Contributeurs : De nombreuses [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7005","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d&#039;Estournelles de Constant - Page d&#039;accueil -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l&#039;\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d&#039;Estournelles de Constant - Page d&#039;accueil -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L&#039;exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l&#039;\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LeMansUniversite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-21T12:48:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/\",\"name\":\"Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d'Estournelles de Constant - Page d'accueil -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-16T10:04:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-21T12:48:47+00:00\",\"description\":\"L'exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l'\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png\",\"width\":650,\"height\":365},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/index.php\\\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Exposition\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Correspondance d&rsquo;Estournelles de Constant &#8211; Page d&rsquo;accueil\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Expositions Temos\",\"description\":\"Expositions Temos\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Expositions Virtuelles Temos\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Expositions Temos\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/logo_site_temos_blanc-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/logo_site_temos_blanc-1.png\",\"width\":587,\"height\":204,\"caption\":\"Expositions Temos\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LeMansUniversite\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d'Estournelles de Constant - Page d'accueil -","description":"L'exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l'\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d'Estournelles de Constant - Page d'accueil -","og_description":"L'exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l'\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.","og_url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LeMansUniversite","article_modified_time":"2025-10-21T12:48:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":650,"height":365,"url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/","url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/","name":"Exposition\u00a0-\u00a0Correspondance d'Estournelles de Constant - Page d'accueil -","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png","datePublished":"2025-10-16T10:04:34+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-21T12:48:47+00:00","description":"L'exposition \u00ab\u00a0De corps en corps : une histoire de normes\u00a0\u00bb explore l'\u00e9volution des normes corporelles \u00e0 travers les \u00e9poques et les cultures.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1_-Estournelles_portrait.png","width":650,"height":365},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/exposition-correspondance-destournelles-de-constant-page-daccueil\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Exposition\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Correspondance d&rsquo;Estournelles de Constant &#8211; Page d&rsquo;accueil"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/","name":"Expositions Temos","description":"Expositions Temos","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Expositions Virtuelles Temos","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#organization","name":"Expositions Temos","url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/logo_site_temos_blanc-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/logo_site_temos_blanc-1.png","width":587,"height":204,"caption":"Expositions Temos"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LeMansUniversite"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7005"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7050,"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7005\/revisions\/7050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/temos-expovirtuelle.univ-lemans.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}